虛擬機(jī)安裝Oracle備忘：ORA-12514錯(cuò)誤的解決

[Oracle@oracle_taowei_RedHat~]$ lsnrctl status  查看監(jiān)聽器是否啟動(dòng)
如果沒有啟動(dòng)監(jiān)聽，則運(yùn)行命令：lsnrctl start啟動(dòng)監(jiān)聽（lsnrctl stop關(guān)閉監(jiān)聽）
啟動(dòng)監(jiān)聽后可以用sqlplus登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫，查看數(shù)據(jù)庫信息：如sqlplus emcd/emcd@192.168.1.120:1521/orcl
這種方式存在安全隱患，密碼以明文出現(xiàn)，容易被別人竊��；所以建議：sqlplus  emcd@Oracle_taowei回車-
 

按提示輸入密碼，這樣就保證了密碼不被別人看見；
以數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員登錄：sqlplus sys/Oracle as sysdba  登錄后可以執(zhí)行關(guān)閉或啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫命令：
SQL> shutdown immediate  (關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫)
SQL> startup  (啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫)
當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)庫處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)時(shí)，要啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫：首先啟動(dòng)監(jiān)聽器 lsnrctl start；然后sqlplus  sys/Oracle  as  sysdba
回車后會(huì)顯示Connected to an  idle instance，并出現(xiàn)提示符SQL>，此時(shí)輸入命令startup啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫，輸入 shutdown immediate
則可關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫；
(1).遇到的問題：
      在虛擬機(jī)的RedHat 5上安裝了Oracle10g 在本地的XP系統(tǒng)上，在配置好tnsnames.ora的情況下卻無法訪問虛擬機(jī)里面的Oracle，提示
不能解析鏈接串；但是本地命令行下tnsping 虛擬機(jī)又是可以ping通的，而在虛擬機(jī)里面用sqlplus訪問遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)的Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫也可以的；
后來發(fā)現(xiàn)：關(guān)閉虛擬機(jī)的防火墻和SELinux后，就可以在本地訪問了，#chkconfig --list  iptables 查看防火墻是否關(guān)閉，運(yùn)行命令
#chkconfig iptables off關(guān)閉防火墻；
(2).在處理了(1)的問題后，在本地命令行用sqlplus鏈接遠(yuǎn)程Linux的Oracle：
C:\Documents and Settings\hawk>sqlplus emcd/emcd@192.168.1.120:1521/orcl，出現(xiàn)如下錯(cuò)誤：
    ERROR:
    ORA-12514: TNS: 監(jiān)聽程序當(dāng)前無法識(shí)別連接描述符中請(qǐng)求的服務(wù)
    請(qǐng)輸入用戶名:  emcd
    輸入口令:
    ERROR:
    ORA-12560: TNS: 協(xié)議適配器錯(cuò)誤
      這個(gè)問題經(jīng)過一番折騰，在配置文件listener.ora里面添加SID_DESC后重啟監(jiān)聽，問題得到解決；
配置文件所添加內(nèi)容如下所示：
                                        # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /home/Oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
                                      # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
                                     
                                      SID_LIST_LISTENER =
                                        (SID_LIST =
                                          (SID_DESC =
                                            (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
                                            (Oracle_HOME = /home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
                                            (PROGRAM = extproc)
                                          )
                                       
                                          (SID_DESC =                                              #為添加的內(nèi)容:相應(yīng)得數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)   
                                                                                                   #為添加的內(nèi)容:相應(yīng)得數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)
                                            (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)                                 #為添加的內(nèi)容:相應(yīng)得數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)
                                                                                                   #為添加的內(nèi)容:相應(yīng)得數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)
                                            (Oracle_HOME = /home/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)#為添加的內(nèi)容:相應(yīng)得數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)
                                                                                                   #為添加的內(nèi)容:相應(yīng)得數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)
                                            (SID_NAME = orcl)                                      #為添加的內(nèi)容:相應(yīng)得數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)
                                                                                                   #為添加的內(nèi)容:相應(yīng)得數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)
                                          )                                                        #為添加的內(nèi)容:相應(yīng)得數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)
                                        )
                                     
                                      LISTENER =
                                        (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
                                          (DESCRIPTION =
                                            (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = Oracle_IPC))
                                            (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.120)(PORT = 1521))
                                          )
                                        )
                                     
重要的配置文件和參數(shù)文件：
      /home/Oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora
      /home/Oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora
     /home/Oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log警告日志信息
     /home/Oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora可讀不可寫，為啟動(dòng)參數(shù)文件，命令strings spfileorcl.ora可查看其內(nèi)容；
重新配置監(jiān)聽器：netca，若果中文顯示異常，則可以先運(yùn)行命令export  LC_ALL=C，再運(yùn)行netca則可以英文顯示窗口出現(xiàn)。
 

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