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        MySQL主從replication半同步設(shè)置及支持基于ssl復(fù)制配置

        發(fā)布時(shí)間:  2012/9/6 17:54:51

        一、mysql的主從復(fù)制過程:

             master中的dump進(jìn)程將二進(jìn)制文件讀出,具有此服務(wù)器中replication client 和replication slave權(quán)限的從服務(wù)器的I/O 線程
          讀入主服務(wù)器的二進(jìn)制文件并記錄到relay-log中,從服務(wù)器的sql線程按照my.cnf中定義的規(guī)則,去讀取relay-log,并更新到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中-
         

          
         由上述過程可知,master維護(hù)bin-log ,slave維護(hù)relay-log 從而實(shí)現(xiàn)主從復(fù)制
         
         主從實(shí)現(xiàn):
            主服務(wù)器中的配置 (172.16.21.1)
        #vim my.cnf
        [mysqld]
          server-id=1
          sync_binlog=1        //當(dāng)執(zhí)行事務(wù)時(shí),將產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)和DDL立即同步到binlog中
          innodb_flush_logs_at_trx_commit=1 
            
        #service mysqld restart
             登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)并添加用戶,此用戶具有replication client 和replication slave 的權(quán)限
                mysql>grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to repl@'172.16.%.%' identifided by '123456';
                mysql>show grants for  repl@'172.16.%.%';       
                mysql> show master status;
        +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
        | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
        +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
        | mysql-bin.000001 | 11404543 |              |                  |
        +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
           
            從服務(wù)器中的配置 (172.16.21.2)
              vim my.cnf
               [mysqld]
                 server-id=11
                 skip_slave_start=1
                 read_only=1
                
                 #bin-log=mysql-bin
                 relay-log=relay-bin
                 relay-log-index=relay-bin.index
               登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),將主服務(wù)器指向172.16.21.1 用戶是repl 密碼為123456  與上面的主服務(wù)器設(shè)置相對(duì)應(yīng)
                  mysql>change master to master_user='repl',master_host='172.16.21.1',master_bin_log='mysql-bin.000001';
                  mysql>start slave;
                  mysql> show slave status\G
        *************************** 1. row ***************************
                       Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                          Master_Host: 172.16.21.1
                          Master_User: repl
                          Master_Port: 3306
                        Connect_Retry: 60
                      Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
                  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 11404543
                       Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002
                        Relay_Log_Pos: 11404689
                Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
                     Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                    Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
                      Replicate_Do_DB:
                  Replicate_Ignore_DB:
                   Replicate_Do_Table:
               Replicate_Ignore_Table:
              Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
          Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                           Last_Errno: 0
                           Last_Error:
                         Skip_Counter: 0
                  Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 11404543
                      Relay_Log_Space: 11404839
                      Until_Condition: None
                       Until_Log_File:
                        Until_Log_Pos: 0
                   Master_SSL_Allowed: No
                   Master_SSL_CA_File:
                   Master_SSL_CA_Path:
                      Master_SSL_Cert:
                    Master_SSL_Cipher:
                       Master_SSL_Key:
                Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
        Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                        Last_IO_Errno: 0
                        Last_IO_Error:
                       Last_SQL_Errno: 0
                       Last_SQL_Error:
          Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
                     Master_Server_Id: 1
        1 row in set (0.00 sec)
                 
                  如果主從服務(wù)器都是第一次搭建,且沒有數(shù)據(jù)存入時(shí),在開啟slave出錯(cuò)時(shí)的解決方法:
                    在主服務(wù)器中的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)執(zhí)行
                     mysql>flush master;    //滾動(dòng)二進(jìn)制日志
                    在從服務(wù)器中執(zhí)行
                     mysql>flush slave;    //滾動(dòng)中繼日志
                 
        二、主主復(fù)制:
         
        主1:(172.16.21.2)
           如果是第一次開啟:
               開啟二進(jìn)制日志 和中繼日志功能
                 [mysqld]
                     server-id=1
                     log-bin=mysql-bin
                     relay-log=relay-bin
                     relay-log-index=realy-bin.index
                >grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to repl@'172.16.%.%'
                >change MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.21.1',MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456'
                      MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003', MASTER_LOG_POS=811      //這里的MASTER_LOG_FILE 和MASTER_LOG_POS是主服務(wù)器的
                                                                               show master status;信息
                 >start slave;
                 >show slave status;
                        
         主2:(172.16.21.1)
           如果是第一次開啟:
               開啟二進(jìn)制日志 和中繼日志功能
                 [mysqld]
                     server-id=1
                     log-bin=mysql-bin
                     relay-log=relay-bin
                     relay-log-index=relay-bin.index
                >grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to repl@'172.16.%.%'
                >change MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.21.2',MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456'
                      MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003', MASTER_LOG_POS=811      //這里的MASTER_LOG_FILE 和MASTER_LOG_POS是主服務(wù)器的
                                                                               show master status;信息
                 >start slave;
                 >show slave status;
         
        三、設(shè)置半同步:
         mysql的主從復(fù)制是基于異步實(shí)現(xiàn)的,可以通過在master端安裝  semisync_master.so 插件
           在slave端安裝 semisync_slave.so 插件來實(shí)現(xiàn)半同步,這里所謂的半同步是當(dāng)一主多從時(shí),
           主給一個(gè)從實(shí)現(xiàn)同步,當(dāng)此過程超過時(shí)間限定后(通過rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout 來設(shè)置),
           則降級(jí)為異步。
          設(shè)置方法:
            主服務(wù)器(172.16.21.1)
               mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME 'semisync_master.so'; 
               mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1; 
               mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 1000; 
             從服務(wù)器(172.16.21.2)
                 mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME 'semisync_slave.so'; 
                 mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1; 
                 mysql> STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD; START SLAVE IO_THREAD; 
                 // 重啟從服務(wù)器的IO線程 以實(shí)現(xiàn)插件功能
                 
        查看從服務(wù)器是否開啟semi_sync
         mysql> show global status like 'rpl_semi%';
        +----------------------------+-------+
        | Variable_name              | Value |
        +----------------------------+-------+
        | Rpl_semi_sync_slave_status | ON    |
        +----------------------------+-------+
        1 row in set (0.04 sec)
         
         查看主服務(wù)器是否開啟semi_sync
          mysql> show global status like 'rpl_semi%';
        +--------------------------------------------+-------+
        | Variable_name                              | Value |
        +--------------------------------------------+-------+
        | Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients               | 1     |
        | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time     | 0     |
        | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time         | 0     |
        | Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits             | 0     |
        | Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times              | 0     |
        | Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx                 | 0     |
        | Rpl_semi_sync_master_status                | ON    |
        | Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures     | 0     |
        | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time      | 0     |
        | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time          | 0     |
        | Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits              | 0     |
        | Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0     |
        | Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions         | 0     |
        | Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx                | 0     |
        +--------------------------------------------+-------+
        14 rows in set (0.01 sec)
                 
            上述命令中的set后的參數(shù)可以寫在各自服務(wù)器中的my.cnf  [mysqld] 下,以實(shí)現(xiàn)永久生效
               取消加載插件 可使用命令;
            mysql> UNINSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master;
          
        四、基于ssl的主從復(fù)制
            主從復(fù)制是數(shù)據(jù)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中是明文傳輸 所以設(shè)置主從服務(wù)基于ssl的復(fù)制就顯得必要  這里有官方文檔,也可使用下列相關(guān)配置
          官方文檔地址: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/replication-solutions-ssl.html 
           
            以下配置需要在主從復(fù)制建立的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行,所以只添加ssl的配置選項(xiàng),其他選項(xiàng)可參照主從復(fù)制配置
             首先分別為主從申請(qǐng)證書(證書申請(qǐng)相關(guān)步驟略過)
             master(172.16.21.1):
                CA證書:/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem
                私鑰:/usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.key
                服務(wù)器證書:/usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.crt
               
                vim my.cnf   
                [mysqld]
        ssl-ca=/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem
        ssl-cert=/usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.crt
        ssl-key=/usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.key
        #serivce mysqld restart
         
             slave (172.16.21.2):
                CA證書:/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem
                私鑰:/usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.key
                服務(wù)器證書:/usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.crt
                vim my.cnf
                [client]
                ssl-ca=/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem
                ssl-cert=/usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.crt
                ssl-key=/usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.key
         
        service mysqld restart  //因?yàn)橐膍aster的相關(guān)選項(xiàng),所以重啟mysql不需要立即啟動(dòng)slave,可以在配置文件中定義skip_slave_start=1來實(shí)現(xiàn)之
         
        登錄從服務(wù)器mysql 更改master的相關(guān)選項(xiàng),以實(shí)現(xiàn)ssl功能
        mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
            -> MASTER_HOST='172.16.21.1',
            -> MASTER_USER='repl',
            -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
            -> MASTER_SSL=1,
            -> MASTER_SSL_CA = '/etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem',
            -> MASTER_SSL_CAPATH = '/etc/pki/CA',
            -> MASTER_SSL_CERT = '/usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.crt',
            -> MASTER_SSL_KEY = '/usr/local/mysql/ssl/master.key';
        mysql>start slave;
        mysql>show slave status;
                     Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                    Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
                   Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes
                   Master_SSL_CA_File: /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem
                   Master_SSL_CA_Path: /etc/pki/CA
                      Master_SSL_Cert: /usr/local/mysql/ssl/slave.crt
                    Master_SSL_Cipher:
                       Master_SSL_Key: /usr/local/mysql/slave.key
                      
        至此基于ssl功能實(shí)現(xiàn)  


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